The name of Germany in English and many other languages is derived from the name Germania. Large parts of Germania subsequently became part of the Frankish Empire and later East Francia. This contributed to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, after which territories of Roman Germania were captured and settled by migrating Germanic peoples. The prosperous Roman provinces of Germania Superior and Germania Inferior, sometimes collectively referred to as "Roman Germania", were subsequently established in northeast Roman Gaul, while territories east of the Rhine remained independent of Roman control.įrom the 3rd century AD, Germanic peoples moving out of Magna Germania began encroaching upon and occupying parts of Roman Germania. In subsequent years, the Roman emperor Augustus sought to expand across the Rhine towards the Elbe, but these efforts were hampered by the victory of Arminius at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD. He referred to these people as "Germani" and their lands beyond the Rhine as "Germania". During the Gallic Wars of the 1st century BC, the Roman general Julius Caesar encountered peoples originating from beyond the Rhine. The Latin name Germania means "land of the Germani", but the etymology of the name Germani itself is uncertain. While apparently dominated by Germanic peoples, Magna Germania was also inhabited by Celts. Archaeologically, these peoples correspond roughly to the Roman Iron Age of those regions. It also extended as far south as the Upper and Middle Danube and Pannonia, and to the known parts of Scandinavia in the north. The region stretched roughly from the Middle and Lower Rhine in the west to the Vistula in the east. ə/ jər- MAY-nee-ə Latin: ), also called Magna Germania (English: Great Germania), Germania Libera (English: Free Germania), or Germanic Barbaricum to distinguish it from the Roman province of the same name, was a large historical region in north-central Europe during the Roman era, which was associated by Roman authors with the Germanic peoples. Woodhead, The Greeks in the West (1962).Germania ( / dʒ ər ˈ m eɪ n i. Randall-MacIver, Greek Cities of Italy and Sicily (1931) T. BC those colonized locally are perhaps a century younger)-on the east coast from north to south, Tarentum (colonized from Sparta), Metapontum (from Achaea), Heraclea (from Tarentum), Siris (from Colophon), Sybaris (from Achaea), Thurii (from Athens, replacing Sybaris), Crotona (from Achaea), Caulonia (from Crotona), Epizephyrian Locris (from Locris) on the west coast from north to south, Cumae (from Chalcis), Neapolis (now Naples from Cumae), Paestum, or Posidonia (from Sybaris), Elea (from Phocaea in Ionia), Laos (from Sybaris), Hipponium (from Epizephyrian Locris), and Rhegium (now Reggio de Calabria from Chalcis). The following are the chief cities of Magna Graecia (those colonized from Greece, except Thurii and Elea, go back to the 8th or early 7th cent. Through Cumae especially, the Etruscans of Capua and the Romans came into early contact with Greek civilization. BC, that of Parmenides at Elea and that of Pythagoras at Crotona. Magna Graecia was the center of two philosophical groups in the 6th cent. Only Tarentum (now Taranto) and Cumae remained individually very significant. Unlike Greek Sicily, Magna Graecia began to decline by 500 BC, probably because of malaria and endless warfare among the colonies. They were on both coasts from the Bay of Naples and the Gulf of Taranto southward. BC founded a number of towns that became the centers of a new, thriving Greek territory. The Greek overseas expansion of the 8th cent. Magna Graecia (măg´nə grē´shə), Greek colonies of S Italy.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |